Download the proceedings LEAD E-conference: Maintaining mobility and managing drought, policy options for pastoral livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa

E-conference: Maintaining mobility and managing drought,

Policy options for pastoral livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa

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Introduction Papers	Formats Available
Background paper for the E-conference: Maintening mobility and managing drought (Word: 38Ko - Pdf: 71Ko)

	Formats Available
List of the participants (Word: 506Ko - Pdf: 163Ko)

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Session 1:
18 October - 15 November
Pastoral livelihoods between aid dependence and self-reliant drought management

Sub-theme 1:
18 Oct -2 Nov

Sub-theme 2:
3 Nov -15 Nov

Session 2:
16 November - 13 December
Mobility - the key to making sustainable use of arid and semi-arid areas in sub-Saharan Africa?

Sub-theme 1:
16 Nov – 27 Nov

Sub-theme 2:
28 Nov – 13 Dec

Session 1: 18 October - 15 November 2006
Pastoral livelihoods between aid dependence and self-reliant drought management
What are the reasons and options for reducing the vulnerability of pastoral livelihoods to drought?

Discussion Keynote Papers & Discussion Summary English Français

Policy note : Community based drought management for the pastoral livestock sector in Sub-Saharan Africa
(Word: 226Ko-Pdf: 229Ko)

Keynote paper : Pastoral livelihoods between aid dependence and self-reliant drought management - What are the reasons and options for reducing the vulnerability of pastoral livelihoods to drought?
(Word: 44Ko - Pdf: 103Ko)

Welcome message from the Conference Moderator: Nikola Rass

Sub-theme 1: 18 of October -2 November
Why invest in a drought management system? Drawing a balance between the costs of late response to drought as opposed to the costs of developing and sustaining a community-based drought management system.

Keynote Papers	Format available
	English	French
Questions leading the discussion of this sub-theme
Discussion keynote paper : Pastoral livelihoods between aid dependence and self-reliant drought management - What are the reasons and options for reducing the vulnerability of pastoral livelihoods to drought? (Word: 44Ko - Pdf: 103Ko)
List of the discussions (session 1 sub-theme 1) (Word: 248Ko - Pdf: 261Ko)
Summary of the discussions (session 1 sub-theme 1) (Word: 42Ko)

List of the discussions (daily)	Format available
Daily Digest, Thursday 19 October 2006
Daily Digest, Friday 20 October 2006
Daily Digest, Monday 23 October 2006
Daily Digest, Tuesday 24 October 2006
Daily Digest, Wednesday 25 October 2006
Daily Digest, Thursday 26 October 2006
Daily Digest, Friday 27 October 2006
Daily Digest, Monday 30 October 2006
Daily Digest, Tuesday 31 October 2006
Daily Digest, Wednesday 01 November 2006
Daily Digest, Thursday 02 November 2006
Daily Digest, Friday 03 November 2006

	Attached document (chronological order)	Formats available
1	FAO Horn of Africa Regional Drought Response FAO has developed a Plan of Action to serve as a framework for ensuring all agricultural and livestock interventions in response to the drought are based on a coordinated regional strategy, taking into account country-specific ecological and agricultural contexts. - Contribution Dennis Latimore (1) (Pdf: 1.9Mb)
2	Consolidated Appeal for the Horn of Africa 2006 A regional Consolidated Appeal Process (CAP) was launched earlier this year to complement country-level resource mobilisation and strategic plans. The regional CAP was developed by UN agencies, international non-governmental organisations (INGOs), and international organisations in consultation with the concerned governments and donors both at country and regional levels. The strategy outlined in this document aims to respond to urgent life-saving needs for those currently affected, while at the same time reflecting the growing recognition of the need to address structural causes of vulnerability to recurrent drought and food insecurity. - Contribution Dennis Latimore (1)
3	Capacity building for a drought early warning system in the Syrian rangelands It presents objectives, activities and outputs of the FAO TCP project. The main purpose of this project is to assist the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic (GOS) in building the capacity of the national staff in drought Early Warning System (EWS) for the Badia. - Contribution Mirreh, Mohamed (1) (PowerPoint: 11.3Mb!)
4	FAO report (nov.2001) on Drought Related Livestock Interventions The report provides an analyses of the different livestock related interventions in the Horn of African 2000/2001. - Contribution Simon Mack (1) (43pp, Word: 624Kb-PDF: 490Kb)
5	Le foncier agro–pastoral et la gestion des aléas climatiques au Niger : cas de Dakoro et d’Abalak - Agropastoral land and drought risk management in Niger: The case of Dakoro and Abalak (available in French only) The study analyses the role of local-level institutions in reducing vulnerability to recurrent natural disasters and in sustainable livelihoods development in high-risk areas. It describes the role of local institutions and organizations in designing and implementing disaster risk management strategies in order to understand the impact of decentralization and the role of local authorities in building community “social capital” for disaster prevention and preparedness. - Contribution Stephan Baas (1) (40pp, PDF: 245Kb)
6	Wells of Experience: A pastoral land-use history of Omaheke, Namibia (Studies in Global Archaeology 9. Department of Archaeology and Ancient History. Uppsala University) Based on an archaeological survey in the Kalahari of the northeastern part of Namibia, the purpose of this study is to construct an alternative approach to the archaeology of livestock herding. The aim is to contribute to a better understanding of the areas unrecorded land-use history. - Contribution Lindholm, K-J (1) (185pp, PDF: 10MB!)
7	Camel and camel product marketing in Babilie and Kebribeyah Woredas of the Jijiga zone, Somali region, Ethiopia In spite of their invaluable importance, little is known about the marketing of the camels and their products, which is considered as corner stone in understanding the pastoral subsistence economy in the eastern Ethiopia. This study is, therefore, initiated to bridge the information gap on camel sub sector in reference to Jijiga zone. (10pp, Word: 87Kb)
	Traditional medicinal value of camel in Babilie and Kebribeyah Woredas of the Jijiga zone, Somali region, Ethiopia. The study was conducted between July, 2005 and January, 2006 in Babilie and Kebribeyah woredas, Jijiga Zone of the Somali Regional State with the objective of identifying the traditional medicinal value of camel milk, meat and urine in the study areas. The existence of a wealth of indigenous knowledge for treating human and animal diseases was identified in this study. (13pp, Word: 104Kb)
	Potentials of camel production in Babilie and Kebribeyah Woredas of the Jijiga zone, Somali region, Ethiopia The study was conducted between July 2005 and January 2006 in Babilie and Kebribeyah woredas, Jijiga Zone of the Somali Regional State with the objective of identifying the production potential of camel in the study areas. Contributions Yohannes Mehari (1) (24pp, Word: 114Kb)
8	Livestock Emergency Guidelines and Standards They are being developed as a set of international guidelines and standards for the design, implementation and assessment of livestock interventions to assist people affected by humanitarian crises.
9	Livestock Early Warning System (LEWS) The LEWS was designed to provide an early warning system for monitoring rangeland forage conditions, livestock nutrition and health for maintaining food security of pastoralists. The ultimate goal is to deliver a comprehensive livestock information and early warning system covering not only forage, but also livestock marketing, disease, water and conflict to the E. African region. - Contribution Dr Robert Kaitho (1)
10	Ethiopia - Integrated Risk Financing To Protect Livelihoods and Foster Development This note presents a proposal for reform to the system of emergency relief in Ethiopia by building on recent innovations in resource mobilization as well as delivery mechanisms to better address the needs of beneficiaries. The Ethiopia Drought Insurance Pilot Project has shown that (i) it is feasible to use market mechanisms to finance drought risk in Ethiopia. As part of the pilot, WFP obtained insurance through a contract with AXA Re, a Paris-based reinsurer using a sophisticated index based on Ethiopia’s historical rainfall and agricultural output; (ii) it is possible to develop objective, timely, and accurate indicators for triggering drought assistance. - Contribution Ulrich Hess (1) (14pp, Word: 149Kb - PDF: 502Kb)
11	Desertification Contributes to Droughts: Which in Turn Result in Great Financial and Social Cost - Contribution Allan Savory (1) (12pp, Word: 91Kb)
12	BBC NEWS, World 'lacks will' on disasters There is a global lack of political will on preparing for natural disasters, according to a report by British MPs. - Contribution Ulrich Hess (2)
13	Healthy rangeland, healthy livestock, healthy children: Save the Children/US’s drought-related work in Ethiopia’s southern rangelands - Contribution Adrian Cullis (4pp, Word: 56Kb)
13	Livelihoods impact of a commercial de-stocking relief intervention in Moyale Woreda, Oromia Region - Contribution Adrian Cullis (24pp, Word: 231Kb)

Sub-theme 2: 3 November -15 November
How many people can the pastoral production system sustain? Shall public policies facilitate the rehabilitation of destitute pastoralists or support diversification and exit strategies of pastoral people?

Keynote Papers	Format available
	English	French
Questions leading the discussion of this sub-theme
Keynote paper: Too many people, too few livestock: the crisis affecting pastoralists in the Greater Horn of Africa - Trop de monde, pas assez de bétail: la crise qui affecte les éleveurs dans la Corne de l’Afrique - Contribution Stephen Sandford (4pp, Word: 103Kb)
List of the discussions (session 1 sub-theme 2) (Word: 185Ko - Pdf: 225Ko)
Summary of the discussions (session 1 sub-theme 2) (Word: 53Ko)

List of the discussions (daily)	Format available
Daily Digest, Monday 06 November 2006
Daily Digest, Tuesday 07 November 2006
Daily Digest, Wednesday 08 November 2006
Daily Digest, Thursday 09 November 2006
Daily Digest, Friday 10 November 2006
Daily Digest, Monday 13 November 2006
Daily Digest, Tuesday 14 November 2006
Daily Digest, Wednesday 15 November 2006
Daily Digest, Thursday 16 November 2006

	Attached document (chronological order)	Formats available
1	Future Agricultures DEBATE The revival of interest in pastoralism and livestock production takes two forms – one a celebration of the ‘pastoral way of life' and the importance of indigenous systems of production and management and another focusing on the market potentials of a ‘livestock revolution'. The Future Agricultures Consortium recognises the importance of the debate about in shaping the future of pastoral production systems and livelihoods in East Africa. In order to raise the profile of this important discussion they have set up the Future Agricultures Debate: After presenting the thesis by Stephen Sandford, the theses is challenged this with a response from Stephen Devereaux and Ian Scoones of Future Agricultures.
2	Good Practice in Drylands Management The objectives of this study are to analyze and synthesize the experience of the World Bank and other agencies in drylands management, with a special emphasis on Africa. Recommendations are provided on good policies and practices in drylands management that can support actions to fulfill obligations arising from the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD) for member countries and for international organizations, such as the World Bank. - Contribution Stephen Sandford (2)(131pp, - PDF: 1.3Mb)
3	Herd mobility leads the way for sustainable pastoral development: the case of Borana rangelands, southern Ethiopia The paper is based on a research study that explored the Borana pastoralists' indigenous knowledge for sustainable rangeland management. The Borana situation clearly illustrates a downward trend for the applicability of mobility, the core strategy by which the pastoralists once effectively organized livestock and rangeland utilisation. - Contribution of Sabine Homann (10pp - PDF: 400Kb)
4	Pictures of the Zimbabwean case study of holistic range management These are pictures of the Zimbabwean case study I mentioned. The pictures of the land were taken on the same day on both areas. They were taken toward the end of the rains in March – at which time the land is in the best state that it can be throughout the year. - Contribution of Allan Savory (Word: 201Kb)
5	Notes on pastoral populations growth rates in Eastern Africa - Contribution of Stephen Sandford (Word: 124Kb)
6	Community-managed pastoralist slaughterhouse Keekonyokie, Kenya The Keekonyoikie Livestock Association is a community based self-help association in Kajiodo- Kenya, which is engaged in a community initiative organised as an integrated value chain were the community members sell their own produce, and are able to compensate market shortages through contributions. - Contribution of Wilfred Ole Ondungo (Word: 78Kb)

Session 2: 16 November - 13 December 2006
Mobility – the key to making sustainable use of arid and semi-arid areas in sub-Saharan Africa? Opportunities and threats to the mobile pastoral production system within a changing environment

Discussion Keynote Papers & Discussion Summary Formats Available

Policy note : Investing in Maintaining Mobility in Pastoral Systems of the Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of Sub-Saharan Africa
(Word: 124Ko-Pdf: 171Ko)

Sub-theme 1: 16 November – 27 November
Defining the overall vision: How can mobile pastoral production system contribute to sustainable development of arid and semi-arid areas in sub-Saharan Africa? Is mobility the key element of pastoral production systems in sub-Saharan Africa?

Keynote Papers	Format available
	English	French
Questions leading the discussion of this sub-theme
Keynote paper
List of the discussions (session 2 sub-theme 1) (Word: 150Ko - Pdf: 162Ko)
Summary of the discussions (session 2 sub-theme 1) (Word: 53Ko)

List of the discussions (daily)	Format available
Daily Digest, Friday 17 November 2006
Daily Digest, Monday 20 November 2006
Daily Digest, Tuesday 21 November 2006
Daily Digest, Wednesday 22 November 2006
Daily Digest, Thursday 23 November 2006
Daily Digest, Friday 24 November 2006
Daily Digest, Monday 27 November 2006
Daily Digest, Tuesday 28 November 2006
Daily Digest, Wednesday 29 November 2006
Daily Digest, Thursday 30 November 2006
Daily Digest, Friday 01 December 2006

	Attached document (chronological order)	Formats available
1	Herding on the Brink Towards a Global Survey of Pastoral Communities and Conflict An Occasional Working Paper from the IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy - Contribution of Michele Nori (33pp - PDF: 1.13Mb)
1	Mobile livelihoods, patchy resources & shifting rights: approaching pastoral territories This paper has been prepared by Michele Nori for the International Land Coalition - Contribution of Michele Nori (24pp - PDF: 105Kb)
2	The mobile-pastoral groups (as Flata-Umbrorro and Arabs tribes) in Blue Nile State, Sudan have collaboration and compatible relations in sharing the rangelands and water resources, the photo shows how they are exchanging the information concerning the best places for fodder and water in the market-day. - Contribution of Mey Eltayeb Ahmed
3	FAO DAD-IS Information system FAO also maintains the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System - DAD-IS. The information system includes a global inventory of animal genetic resources, containing national data reported by more than 180 countries. - Contribution Irene Hoffman
3	Breed diversity in dry ecosystems The paper explores the significance of livestock genetic diversity in the dry rangelands of the Near East, Central Asia, and selected countries in East and South Asia, South and Central America and Africa. from http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/genetics/angrvent-docs.html - Contribution Irene Hoffman (11pp - PDF: 136Kb)
4	Mobile livelihoods, patchy resources & shifting rights: approaching pastoral territories, revised version (draft) This working document is the result of an articulated process that aimed at addressing the rights to land of pastoral groups, within a holistic perspective. An initial draft of the paper was prepared and posted on the web by end 2005, as a triggering element to spur a discussion on this critical theme. Comments, suggestions, criticisms and case studies provided by the participants to the discussion allowed to build a broader ownership of the International Land Coalition position - Contribution of Michael Taylor (Word: 582Kb)
5	Tous ensemble pour l'avenir du Sahel - Systèmes agropastoraux et éducation pour la biodiversité et l'environnement FAO has prepared a series of booklets and teacher’s guides on Agriculture Practices, Biodiversity and Environmental Education. Each book covered a particular agro-ecological zone. This booklet covers the zone of the Sahel. The purpose of the booklets is to explain the links between the environment and the agro-pastoral practices used by farming families and communities. The booklets are in a “comic book” format to make learning and teaching easier and more attractive. - Contribution of Caterina Batello
6	Pastoralism: drylands' invisible asset? Developing a framework for assessing the value of pastoralism in East Africa This paper adopts a revised Total Economic Value (TEV) approach for identifying the range of values that can be attributed to pastoralism in order to provide fresh insights to its contribution to social capital, poverty reduction, sustainable environmental management and the economic development of dryland areas of East Africa in the context of increasing climate uncertainty. - Contribution of Ced Hesse

Sub-theme 2: 28 November – 13 December
Pastoral livelihoods in transformation: What are the drivers of the observed trend of reduced mobility? Is there a window of opportunity to induce a change for the better and achieve poverty reduction and improved natural resource management?

Keynote Papers	Format available
	English	French
Questions leading the discussion of this sub-theme
Keynote paper
List of the discussions (session 2 sub-theme 2) (Word: 157Ko - Pdf: 176Ko)
Summary of the discussions (session 2 sub-theme 2) (Word: 53Ko)

List of the discussions (daily)	Format available
Daily Digest, Thursday 30 November 2006
Daily Digest, Monday 04 December 2006
Daily Digest, Tuesday 05 December 2006
Daily Digest, Wednesday 06 December 2006
Daily Digest, Thursday 07 December 2006
Daily Digest, Friday 08 December 2006
Daily Digest, Monday 11 December 2006
Daily Digest, Tuesday 12 December 2006

	Attached document (chronological order)	Formats available
1	Mobility Management (MOMA) for Symbiotic Relationship between Nomadism and the Environment A revised concept paper for GEF consideration for funding to seek for the assistance of donor organisations, NGOs, Foundations, etc to a project proposal expected to be executed in Katsina State Nigeria, which is aimed at improving the livelihood of the nomads in the context of environmental management. - Contribution of Aminu Ibrahim (6pp - Word: 86Kb)
2	Somalis Continue to Be Displaced by Flooding Over 40,000 people have been displaced in the southern Somalia district of Jamame because of flooding caused by heavy rains and the Juba river bursting its banks, an U.N. food agency official said. - Contribution of Allan Savory
3	Production systems in semi-arid areas, sustainable options for the subsistence of the livelihoods Report of the project package TPP6/NCCR NS, of the Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique Nouakchott entitled Extensive "Production systems in semi-arid areas, sustainable options for the subsistence of the livelihoods" - Contribution of Moustapha Ould Taleb (2pp - Word: 31.5Kb)